What grows in Dja-et-Lobo
South, Cameroon
The 2026/27 season in Dja-et-Lobo
| When the rains are expected | February 2026 to January 2027 |
|---|---|
| Rain in a typical year | About 1,536 mm |
| This season's rain | Leaning dry — September, October, November and December look short of rain. Plant at the early end of the window, favour quicker and more drought-tolerant crops, and keep moisture in the soil: mulch, and weed early. |
| This season's heat | Hotter than usual — about +1.0 °C over the growing months. Heat makes the same rain do less, so a dry spell bites sooner: do not plant late, and shade or mulch what you can. |
| What that supports | enough rain for a long crop, or two in a year, warm all year, so nothing but rain ends the season |
| Ground this covers | One kind of ground throughout. |
last updated 17 September 2026
What grows in Dja-et-Lobo
-
African nightshadeFavourablePlant 17 Feb 2026 – 15 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 15.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 20.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
CarrotFavourablePlant 16 Feb 2026 – 29 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 33.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 44.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
CashewFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 31 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.5 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 2.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
Common beanFavourablePlant 16 Feb 2026 – 14 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
CowpeaFavourablePlant 17 Feb 2026 – 29 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 2.2 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
CucumberFavourablePlant 19 Feb 2026 – 29 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 33.2 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Egusi melonFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.1 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Green gramFavourablePlant 18 Feb 2026 – 14 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
GuavaFavourablePlant 2 Feb 2026 – 28 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 25.0 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 34.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
Jute mallowFavourablePlant 19 Feb 2026 – 29 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 8.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 12.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
LablabFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
LemonFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 23.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 37.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
LimeFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 16.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 23.1 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
MandarinFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 18.5 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 32.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
MangoFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 18.0 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 24.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
OkraFavourablePlant 19 Feb 2026 – 11 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 9.5 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 13.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Pearl milletFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 15 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 3.1 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
PumpkinFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 14 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 29.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
SorghumFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 27 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 3.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 4.5 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Spider plantFavourablePlant 7 Mar 2026 – 14 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 8.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 12.4 t/ha
Soil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime)Correctable with liming -
SunflowerFavourablePlant 3 Mar 2026 – 29 Sep 2026 closed for this season
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 10 Feb 2026 – 8 Oct 2026 · about 3.1 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
WatermelonFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2026 – 15 Oct 2026 open now
matched to this season's forecast
about 33.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 44.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
African eggplantFavourablePlant 16 Feb 2027 – 14 Sep 2027 opens in 20 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 29.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
AmaranthFavourablePlant 17 Feb 2027 – 13 Sep 2027 opens in 20 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 17.6 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 24.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
Bambara groundnutFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 13 Sep 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
BananaFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 27.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 55.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
CocoaFavourablePlant 13 Feb 2027 – 12 Aug 2027 opens in 19 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
Arabica coffeeFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 22 May 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 2.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
Robusta coffeeFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 2 Apr 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 2.8 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
Finger milletFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 14 Sep 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
FonioFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 13 Sep 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
GrapefruitFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 22.0 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 37.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
GroundnutFavourablePlant 2 Feb 2027 – 31 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 3.6 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Irish potatoFavourablePlant 17 May 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 33 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 30.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 11 Apr 2027 – 29 Aug 2027 · about 37.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
MaizeFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 6.1 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 8.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
MoringaFavourablePlant 15 Feb 2027 – 16 Aug 2027 opens in 20 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 20.0 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 34.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
Niger seedFavourablePlant 10 May 2027 – 19 Jul 2027 opens in 32 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 0.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 1 May 2027 – 20 Jul 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Oil palmFavourablePlant 1 Mar 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 22 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 13.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 19.2 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
OnionFavourable
Plant 18 Mar 2027 – 14 Sep 2027 opens in 24 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 26.3 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 2 Mar 2026 – 8 Oct 2026 · about 37.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
PapayaFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 45.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 62.1 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
PineappleFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 50.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 64.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageable -
RiceFavourablePlant 1 Mar 2027 – 30 Aug 2027 opens in 22 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 4.4 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 5.8 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
SesameFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 31 Jul 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.1 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
SoybeanFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 13 Sep 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 3.6 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Sweet orangeFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 22 Apr 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 23.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 37.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Sweet potatoFavourablePlant 10 May 2027 – 2 Aug 2027 opens in 32 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 23.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 11 Apr 2027 – 9 Aug 2027 · about 31.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
TobaccoFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 14 Sep 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumEarly-maturing — escapes late drought -
TomatoFavourablePlant 15 Feb 2027 – 13 Sep 2027 opens in 20 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 35.1 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 58.0 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
CassavaFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 29.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 33.5 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableLate-maturing — drought risk -
CottonFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 27 Jul 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 3.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
EggplantFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 28 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 30.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 41.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
GingerFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 13 Mar 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 24.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
ChilliFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 27 Jul 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 13.2 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 20.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Pigeon peaFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Jul 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 2.0 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableLate-maturing — drought risk -
KaleFavourablePlant 12 Mar 2027 – 15 Aug 2027 opens in 23 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 30.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 2 Mar 2027 – 9 Aug 2027 · about 41.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
RoselleFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 28 Aug 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.1 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumLate-maturing — drought risk -
Sweet pepperFavourablePlant 20 Apr 2027 – 24 Jun 2027 opens in 29 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 11 Apr 2027 – 30 Jun 2027 · about 33.2 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
Swiss chardFavourablePlant 27 Feb 2027 – 28 Aug 2027 opens in 21 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 30.7 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 2 Mar 2026 – 18 Sep 2026 · about 41.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumLate-maturing — drought risk -
TurmericFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 22 May 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 24.9 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumLate-maturing — drought risk -
YamFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 22 May 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 21.9 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 20.7 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumLate-maturing — drought risk -
CoconutFavourablePlant 2 Feb 2027 – 22 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 1.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 2.5 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime) -
SugarcaneFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 66.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 98.4 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimum -
TaroFavourablePlant 1 Feb 2027 – 21 Feb 2027 opens in 18 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 15.8 t/ha expected
Irrigated: plant 21 Jan 2026 – 1 Jan 2027 · about 26.6 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH below the crop's optimumLate-maturing — drought risk -
LettuceFavourablePlant 7 Jun 2027 – 31 Jul 2027 opens in 36 weeks
matched to this season's forecast
about 14.3 t/ha expected
· about 19.3 t/ha
Pest/disease risk — manageableSoil pH outside the crop's rangeCorrect soil pH (lime)
Rain-fed. These dates are worked out from each place's own rainfall, for a field watered by the season — with irrigation a window can open earlier, close later, or come round more than once a year. Check your own field under What grows, or get the Divisi app for a calendar dated to your farm.
What Divisi would not plant in Dja-et-Lobo
Every crop in the catalogue is scored against this district, not only the ones that work — so the list above is a decision rather than a shortlist. These are the rest, with what ruled each one out.
- Beetroot Only in patches — clears in part of this area, not across any one zone
- Avocado Unsuitable — Temperature
- Cabbage Unsuitable — Temperature
- Chickpea Unsuitable — Temperature
- Enset Unsuitable — Temperature
- Garlic Unsuitable — Temperature
- Passion fruit Unsuitable — Temperature
- Tea Unsuitable — Temperature
- Teff Unsuitable — Temperature
- Wheat Unsuitable — Temperature
Divisi scored 74 crops against this district's own ground; 10 came back without a sowing date.
Plan the season, not just check it
The crops and dates above are read at cells spread across Dja-et-Lobo, and the map colours which kind of ground each part of it is. Your own soil, slope and rainfall will shift the dates — the Divisi app works them out for your field, and dates each job that follows.
Or check your field firstWhat changed in Dja-et-Lobo
- 2 September 2026 Teff — Suitability class changed, now rates Favourable
- 2 September 2026 Cocoa — Suitability class changed, now rates Favourable
- 2 September 2026 Garlic — Suitability class changed, now rates Favourable
- 2 September 2026 Niger Seed — Planting window moved, now opens 1 Mar 2027
- 2 September 2026 Turmeric — Limiting factor changed, now held back mostly by Slope / terrain
This calendar moves
Planting windows shift with the forecast. Leave your email and we'll send what changed, and a note when planting time nears — a couple of emails a month at most.
Where to sell it nearby
-
Marché Mfoundi
80 km · Banana & plantain, Tomato, Hot pepper, Cassava
-
Marché Mokolo
82 km · Banana & plantain, Cocoyam / Taro, Cassava, Yam
-
Marché Mboppi
265 km · Banana & plantain, Cassava, Cocoyam / Taro, Tomato
Frequently asked questions
What crops grow well in Dja-et-Lobo?
African nightshade, Carrot, Cashew, Common bean, Cowpea all rate well in Dja-et-Lobo — scored against its own rainfall, soil and terrain rather than a national average.
When should I plant African nightshade in Dja-et-Lobo?
In Dja-et-Lobo the window for African nightshade runs 17 Feb 2026 to 15 Oct 2026.
Is there a farming app that works in Dja-et-Lobo?
Divisi does. It reads Dja-et-Lobo's own rainfall, soil and terrain rather than a national average, so the planting dates and crop shortlist on this page are the same ones the app works out for a field here — then dates each job for that field, and keeps working with no signal.
Is this exact for my own field?
No — these are readings taken across Dja-et-Lobo, not on your field. Soil, slope and rainfall change from one farm to the next. Check your own location to see your own numbers.